Can Medicare and Medicaid Auditors Double-Dip?

Five years ago, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) first compiled a list of services that the newly implemented recovery audit contractor (RAC) program was to audit. It’s been five years with the RAC program. What is it about the RAC program that stands out from the other auditor abbreviations?

We’re talking about Cotiviti and Performant Recovery; you know the players. The Recovery Audit Program mission is to reduce Medicare improper payments through the efficient detection and collection of overpayments, the identification of underpayments and the implementation of actions that will prevent future improper payments.

RACs review claims on a post-payment basis. The RACs detect and correct past improper payments so that CMS and carriers, and Medicare Administrative Contractors (MACs) can implement actions that will prevent future improper payments.

RACs are also held to different regulations than the other audit abbreviations. 42 CFR Subpart F dictates the Medicaid RACs. Whereas the Medicare program is run by 42 CFR Subchapter B.

The auditors themselves are usually certified coders or licensed practical nurses (LPN).

Last week, on Monitor Mondays a listener by the name of Lyn asked whether two separate auditors could audit the same record. Dr. Ronald Hirsch, a panelist on the same broadcast, responded in the affirmative: a CERT can audit a chart that another reviewer is auditing if it is part of a random sample. I agree with Dr. Hirsch. When a random sample is taken, then the auditors, by definition, have no idea what claims will be pulled, nor would the CERT have any knowledge of other contemporaneous and overlapping audits.

But what about multiple RAC audits? I do believe that the RACs should not overlap its own audits. Personally, I don’t like the idea of one claim being audited more than once. What if the two auditing companies make differing determinations? What if CERT calls a claim compliant and the RAC denies the claim? The provider surely should not pay back a claim twice.

Edward Roche, a panelist on Monitor Monday, presented on this issue a few weeks ago, and he called it double-dipping.

This doesn’t seem fair. What Dr. Hirsch did not address in his response to Lyn was that, even if a CERT is allowed to double-dip via the rules or policies, there could be case law saying otherwise.

I did a quick search on Westlaw to see if there were any cases where the auditor was accused of double-dipping. It was not a comprehensive search by any means, but I did not see any cases where auditors were accused of double-dipping.

I did see a few cases where hospitals were accused of double-dipping by collecting disproportional share hospital (DSH) payments to cover costs that had already been reimbursed, which seems like a topic for another day.

Who are Recovery Audit Contractors?

Recovery Audit Contractors
RegionStatesWebsitesEmailPhone Number
Region 1 Performant Recovery, Inc.CT, IN, KY, MA, ME, MI, NH, NY, OH, RI, and VThttps://performantrac.com/ PROVIDERPORTAL.aspxinfo@Performantrac.com1-866-201-0580
Region 2 Cotiviti, LLCAR, CO, IA, IL, KS, LA, MO, MN, MS, NE, NM, OK, TX, and WIhttps://Cotiviti.com/RACRACInfo@Cotiviti.com1-866-360-2507
Region 3 Cotiviti LLCAL, FL, GA, NC, SC, TN, VA, WV, Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islandshttps://www.Cotiviti.com/RACRACInfo@Cotiviti.com1-866-360-2507
Region 4 Cotiviti GOV Services (formerly HMS)AK, AZ, CA, DC, DE, HI, ID, MD, MT, ND, NJ, NV, OR, PA, SD, UT, WA, WY, Guam, American Samoa and Northern Marianashttps://rac4info.cotiviti.comrac4info@cotiviti.comPart A: 1-877-350-7992 Part B: 1-877-350-7993
Region 5 DME/HHE/Performant Recovery, Inc.Nationwide for DMEPOS/HHA/Hospicehttps://performantrac.com/ PROVIDERPORTAL.aspxinfo@Performantrac.com1-866-201-0580

RACs in Regions 1-4 will perform post-payment review to identify and correct Medicare claims specific to Part A and Part B.

Region 5 RAC will be dedicated to review of Durable Medical Equipment, Prosthetics, Orthotics, and Supplies (DMEPOS) and Home Health / Hospice

Programming note: Listen to healthcare attorney Knicole Emanuel’s RAC Report every Monday on Monitor Mondays at 10 Eastern.

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Knicole C. Emanuel Esq.

For more than 20 years, Knicole has maintained a health care litigation practice, concentrating on Medicare and Medicaid litigation, health care regulatory compliance, administrative law and regulatory law. Knicole has tried over 2,000 administrative cases in over 30 states and has appeared before multiple states’ medical boards. She has successfully obtained federal injunctions in numerous states, which allowed health care providers to remain in business despite the state or federal laws allegations of health care fraud, abhorrent billings, and data mining. Across the country, Knicole frequently lectures on health care law, the impact of the Affordable Care Act and regulatory compliance for providers, including physicians, home health and hospice, dentists, chiropractors, hospitals and durable medical equipment providers. Knicole is partner at Nelson Mullins and a member of the RACmonitor editorial board and a popular panelist on Monitor Monday.

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